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Cell injury refers to a variety of processes that can cause damage to a cell, potentially leading to its dysfunction or death. It can result from a wide range of factors, including physical, chemical, infectious, immunologic, nutritional, and genetic causes. when a cell is subjected to such extreme stress that it loses its ability to […]
Understanding about nervous system: The nervous system is a sophisticated network of cells and nerves that transmits and receives messages between the brain, spinal cord, and different body organs. It detects and react to modifications both internal and external to the body. Nervous consist of the brain, spinal cord and the peripheral nerves. The nervous
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The nervous system is a complex system of cells and nerves that sends and receives messages to and from the brain, spinal cord, and other body components. It coordinates and controls body functions and responses to internal and external stimuli. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) are the two primary
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Loop diuretics are a class of diuretic medications primarily used to treat conditions associated with fluid overload, such as heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension. They are among the most potent diuretics available and act on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the nephron, a key segment of the renal tubular
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Diuretics, also known as water pills, are medications designed to increase the rate of urine production and excretion by the kidneys. They are commonly prescribed to manage conditions such as high blood pressure (hypertension), congestive heart failure, kidney disorders, and certain edematous conditions (fluid retention). There are different classes of diuretics, each acting on specific
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Atenolol is a medication primarily used to treat cardiovascular conditions, particularly hypertension (high blood pressure) and certain types of heart disease. As a beta-blocker, atenolol works by blocking the action of adrenaline on the heart and blood vessels. This helps to lower heart rate, blood pressure, and the amount of work the heart has to
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Beta Blockers: Understanding their Mechanism of Action and Uses Beta blockers, also known as beta-adrenergic blocking agents, are a class of medications that work by blocking the effects of adrenaline and other stress hormones on the body’s beta receptors. These receptors are found in various tissues and play a crucial role in regulating heart rate,
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Nifedipine is a medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure and chest pain (angina). It is a member of the calcium channel blocker medication class, which lowers blood pressure and improves blood flow by relaxing blood vessels. Nifedipine can also be prescribed for certain heart conditions, such as Raynaud’s phenomenon and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Mechanism
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Amlodipine is a drug that is mostly used to treat angina (chest discomfort) and hypertension (high blood pressure). It is a part of the calcium channel blocker (CCB) drug class. Amlodipine works by relaxing and widening the blood vessels, allowing blood to flow more easily and lowering blood pressure. It also increases the supply of
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Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are a class of medications commonly used to treat conditions such as high blood pressure (hypertension),angina (chest pain), and certain heart rhythm disorders. They work by blocking the entry of calcium into muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels, which leads to relaxation of the muscles and dilation of the
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